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Interesting Objects listed by size
You may download this list in Excel format here:
Here is a list of over 300
interesting extended objects. They are listed by size in order to emphasize the
idea that when imaging extended objects is necessary to try to get a
significant sized image on the film or chip so as to make good use of the
resolving power of the film or imager chip. The only way to essentially
"fill the chip" with the image is to use the proper focal length
telescope. The proper focal length can be obtained by choosing the
correct telescope focal length. The size
of the real field in the sky is generally measured in arc seconds or
minutes. This value is dependent only on
the size of the imaging chip and the focal length of the telescope. Thus if the imager wants to encompass a
certain range of object sized effectively, it is necessary to choose a
telescope of a given focal length to match the chip. It can be a problem to get focal lengths that
are short enough to image larger objects and also to get enough image size to
image planets and some very tiny objects.
Often a telescope of excessive ly long focal length needs to be
augmented with a focal reducer to allow getting larger objects on the
ship. This can be done with focal
reducers. Unfortunately focal reducers
not only reduce the effective focal length of the telescope, but they reduce
the circle of illumination of the telescope.
The reduced circle of illumination causes vignetting and often serious
degradation of the image quality near the outer edges of the image. The full list is divided into groups with
comments about a suitable focal length to go with various telescope focal
lengths and cameras. I generally like to
suggest “filling the chip” so as to make good use of the pixel array
and get the best possible resolution.
(At the very end of the list is a short discussion of what I have used
as a criterion for "filling the chip.") Planets are a special case, being
significantly less than 0.5 minutes of arc and are discussed separately at the
end of this list. The first set of objects is very small, up to about 1 by 1.5 arc
minutes. With a 3000 mm telescope (12" f10) this yields a largest
image size at the chip of only 0.9 mm.
That is, about 90 pixels with typical 10 micron pixels, but a few more
with most digital cameras. This is not a very high resolution
situation but probably all that can be expected. The atmospheric
resolution, under good seeing conditions, is only about 1 arc second which is
about one pixel with this focal length. There are 28 objects in this
category including 4 M objects. While it is difficult to get great detail
in these objects with a telescope of 3000 mm focal length, it would
probably be wise to use a 2X focal extender (Barlow lens) to get a bigger image
on the chip. There is another imaging factor that must be
considered. When using a telescope of
3000 mm with a 2X extender the effective focal length of the telescope is 6000
mm. It requires an exceptional mount to
stabilize such a long focal length for imaging.
These objects are tiny and quite faint and thus very difficult to
image. It seems amazing that Messier was able to see the four he
designated on this list. Note that all of the planets are in this range
or much smaller than the smallest of these objects. Jupiter, the largest
is about 40 arc seconds (0.7 arc minutes), Saturn about 20 to 30, Venus 10 to
60 and the rest very small. To image such small objects, projection
imaging or a 3X to 5X focal extender is usually used to get a larger
image. However the planets are quite bright and different cameras and
techniques are usually used to image planets.
With very dim objects, such as those listed here, there is not enough
light to use projection imaging. There is no substitute for a large aperture,
fast focal ratio and long focal length telescope for imaging these tiny, dim
objects. NUMBER
Messier RA
DEC
SIZE MAG TYPE
The next batch of objects goes up to about 3 arc minutes in
extent. Even these objects create quite a small image with the 3000 mm
telescope. But these images are up to 200 pixels in size. This is a good
sized image on an ST-7 size chip which is about 500 by 750 pixels. With modern larger chips especially those
with small pixels in the 6 micron range it is possible to image these objects
even though the resolution is not ideal.
Pictures taken with this resolution are nice to look at but still do not
use up the chip area available and are nowhere near photographic quality.
There are 39 objects in this group. Only 5 are M objects. NGC
4479 12
30.3 13 35 1.5x1.5
12.5 Spiral Galaxy b The next group of objects is up to 3.6 arc minutes in size. This corresponds
to an image of almost 400 pixels in size. These objects really fill the
ST-7 chip using the full focal length of the 12" f10 which is again 3000
mm. Even the 10" f10 with a focal length of 2400 mm gives a
reasonable image size and might be considered for imaging these objects.
There are 21 objects in the group but only 8 of them M objects. Again, the digital camera chips of about 15
mm by 23mm will show a small inage, but of reasonable resolution. A 2400 mm focal length telescope still
requires a very good mount to hold it steady. NGC 4382 M
085 12 25.3 18 11
3.0X2.0 10.5 Spiral Galaxy 0 The next group of objects goes up in size to 5.5 arc minutes. Now the
largest of these images is a full 480 pixels in size and will require a
slightly larger imaging chip like that in the ST-8. These images will of
course fit well onto the typical digital camera chip. With a 12” f 10
telescope, a focal reducer of about 0.63 strength migh be a good attachment to
shorten the effective focal length a bit.
The objects also give a nice sized image with the 10"
f10. (2400 mm focal length) There are 37 objects in this group with
13 of them being M objects. NGC
0246 00
47.1 -11 53 4.0x2.5
8.5 Planetary Nebula The next group of objects goes up to 9.9 arc minutes in size. This is
870 pixels with the 12" f10. Clearly these objects give images that
no longer fit on the ST-7 chip at all and a focal reducer is required. At this
point it is good to consider the ST-8 which has a chip of twice the size and
four times the area. The 10"
f10 (2400 mm) now gives the excellent sized images up to 580 pixels. But
the 10" f6.3 looks like a good choice as well, giving images up to about
360 pixels. With the 10" f 6.3 scope and the ST-8 a very comfortable
match is had. Again, the digital camera
will handle this image size easily and is a good choice for this group with a
10“ f 6.3 telescope of 1600 mm focal length. This is a very large group of 67 objects with
no less than 35 M objects. This group fives image sizes that start to
look very good for a digital camera with a 15 mm by 23 mm chip or one of the
larger SBIG cameras like the 8, 10 or so.
There are a wonderful set of objects in this group. NGC 4303 M
061 12 22.0 04 28
5.7x5.5 10.2 Spiral Galaxy c The next group has sizes up to 14 arc minutes. With this group shorter focal
lengths are required. A 10” f 6.3
scope of 1600 mm or even a scope in the 1000 mm range is a good choice. Here is where the ST-8 chip size is a clear
advantage. Objects at the end of this part of the list can now be imaged
nicely on the larger SBIG chips or with a typical digital camera chip of 15 mm
by 23 mm. There are 35 objects in this
group with 11 of them being M objects.
NGC
0457 01
19.0 58 20
10x10 7.0 Open Cluster
For the next set of objects which goes up to 29 arc minutes, the images are
15 mm with the 12" f10, 10 mm with the 10" f10 and 6.6 mm with the
10" f6.3. These are all good candidates for the ST-8 and larger
chips and definitely for the digital cameras. A 1200 mm focal length
gives an image for the largest of the objects of 630 pixels. . For these
larger objects it is time to consider one of the excellent refractors in the
800 to 1000 mm range. A Takahashi FSQ
106 is a good choice. Even a good
telephoto lens mounted directly on the CCD imager might be a suitable
choice. It becomes more and more necessary to consider but 1000 mm optics
as we move toward the larger objects.
There are an astonishing 50 objects in this group with 19 of them being
M objects. NGC
0188 00
44.2 85 19
15x15 10.0 Open Cluster
For the next group of objects, up to 60 arc minutes in size, one must use
telescopes with shorter focal lengths.
There are only 19 objects in this group with 8 being M objects. It is an
important group of bright objects of great interest. These objects, because
of their size, have great detail and are the focal point of many photographic
and imaging techniques. We might note for reference that the moon and sun
are about 30 arc minutes, right between this group and the one above. Telescopes like the 500 to 800 mm high
quality refractors are the best choice for these objects. Typical SCT scope are too long in focal
length and when reduced have too small a circle of illumination and poor edge
of image quality. NGC 2168 M
035 06 08.8 24 20 30x30
5.5 Open Cluster The final group of objects is definitely candidates for the largest CCD
chips and digital cameras. Even then
short focal length telescopes and good telephoto lenses are a best choice. This group holds the really giant objects,
those well over 1 degree in size. To fit M 31 on an ST-10 chip requires a
focal length of only 180 to 200 mm. These objects are good size for
a digital camera with a 200 to 400 mm lens.
There are only 12 objects in the giant object group but 6 are well known
M objects. NGC 1976 M
042 05 35.4 -05 23
65x65 4.0 Nebula
As I review this list, I wonder at the great variety and size of the
non-stellar objects in the sky. Looking at the distribution of the
Messier objects among them I wonder at how Messier saw some of them at all and
how he missed others. It is a wondrous list. The list also
demonstrates the difficulty of imaging all of them with a single telescope or
camera. Just on the basis of size, it becomes clear that one selection of
optics or one imager will not capture all of them equally well. In fact
the range is so great that if imaging is a goal, the selection of the base
telescope will have to be adjusted to cover with facility the range of objects
of greatest interest. This review of object sizes should now have shown that any one telescope and
any one chip size will not do an optimum job with all of the interesting
objects on even this small list. It
would require a telescope of 1600 to 3000 mm to do the smaller group. In order to extend the range of objects
covered by a single telescope, imagers often choose the scope to be rather too
long in focal length and then to shorten it with focal reducers. Unfortunately the focal reducer also
constricts the circle of illumination and introduces severe optical aberrations
at the edges of the image. Thus I
recommend it best to choose a telescope of shorter focal length in the first
place. It seems that amateurs have
aperture fever and think the best scope is the biggest one. This is often not the case. The best scope is the one that covers you
range of needs. If you are interested
in wider field images or images of the groups of larger objects, it may well be
a medium to short focal length refractor that is the best choice. What I am trying to encourage is for imagers to think about the
options. The only things that determine
you actual field of view are the focal length of the telescope and the size of
your chip. You take the size of the
chip in mm and divide it by the focal length of your telescope in mm. Then multiply the result by 57 to change
radians into degrees. You can multiply
again by 60 to get the result in arc minutes.
Then you can window your actual field of view, in arc minutes, on the
above list and see which objects you can get on the chip and which will give
images that are too tiny and thus have poor pixel resolution. In an effort to give some examples it turns out
that there are just too many cameras and telescopes to exemplify many of
them. Thus cameras will be put roughly
into four chip sizes Small chips like the ST-7 and some webcams and guider
chips which are about 4 mm by 7 mm.
Medium chips such as those in the ST-8, ST-10 and ST-2000 which are about
10 mm by 15 mm in size. Large chips
which are 15 mm by 22 mm such as are in some of the large format SBIG cameras
and in the common Canon digital cameras. The final category are Giant chips
such as are in the largest SBIG cameras and the full format Canon digital
cameras where the chips are about 24 mm by 36 mm. The number of pixels run from 400,000 in the Small
chips to several million in the Medium and Large chips. The Giant chips are often 6 to 8 or even 16
million pixels. A few of the SBIG
cameras have color chips; but all of the Canon digital cameras have color
chips. The costs of these cameras has
some correlation with the chips size.
The CCD cameras run from $1500 to about $10,000. The Canon digital cameras run from $800 to
$8000. Thus there is a vast range of
cameras, chip sized, pixel densities and costs.
The examples here take into account only the issue of what chip sizes go
well with what focal length telescopes so that certain groups of object sizes
can be imaged on the chip. More detailed
calculations for specific chip sizes and telescope focal lengths can easily be
done using the formula given above. In the examples the chip is filled but with some
room around the main object say for artistic reasons. This is my definition of “filling the chip.” For an
example, take the large group of objects in the list above that are in the 5 to
10 arc second size range. This is an
interesting group which contains about 67 objects, 35 of which are the popular
M objects. What would be a good choice
of telescope focal length and chip size for this set of objects. Even with a limited group of object sizes it
is apparent that the ideal focal length depends on the chip size and vice
versa. Let us take a CCD camera of the
Medium size like the ST-8 or ST-10.
These are quite popular sizes these days. Using a circle of interception for the chip
of about 8 mm and a size for the largest objects of 12 arc minutes, we find that
a telescope of focal length of about 2200 mm is about right. Note the example allows for some clearance
for getting the object on the chip. But
if we move down to another very nice group of objects which are 15 mm to 30 mm
in size, we need a telescope of about 800 mm.
Now the problem of filling the chip with a great variety of object sizes
becomes obvious. It will be necessary
to choose the shorter focal length telescope to get the larger objects and
accept the smaller objects to simply have smaller images on the chip. Digital SLR cameras which have chips of about 15
mm by 23 mm when used for the same two groups of objects as used in the above
example would require a telescope focal length of 4000 mm for the smaller sized
objects and 1400 mm for the larger sized objects. One can see that some of the larger
telescopes which might be in the range of a 14 inch f 10 (3500 mm) or a 16 inch
f 10 (4000 mm) require the larger chips that the digital SLR or the large
format CCD cameras have in them. Those
who use something as large as a 20 inch f 8 telescope also find that they are
working at 4000 mm focal length and can well use the larger chipped cameras. It becomes apparent that those wishing to image
the larger sets of objects in the final two groups with even Large CCD cameras
need to go to shorter focal length telescopes.
When imaging the last group with a large chip it is possible to use 300
mm or even 150 mm photographic lenses.
The object of these exercises is to point out that a first and important
issue to consider is the focal length of the telescope you choose for imaging
and its relationship to the chip size of your camera. This may not, usually does not, dictate
getting the largest aperture telescope.
In fact for imaging a shorter faster telescope is usually a better
choice. A brief not on very tiny objects is required as
well. Planets are very tiny. They subtend under 40 arc seconds but are
fortunately very bright. In this case it
is useful to have a focal length of as much as 15,000 mm to 40,000 mm. Wow, that is at the far opposite end of the
focal length spectrum. In the case of
planets then a 2000 mm to 3000 mm can be used with a 5 power tele-extender like
the TeleVue power mate. It is almost
impossible to get a mount steady enough for such a long focal length. Also the focal ratio of the telescope goes
to numbers like f 50. But since the
planets are bright, it is still possible to image planets effectively with
rapid image capture cameras. Much
excellent planetary work has been done with web cams. Again it can be seen that there is no one
telescope that is suitable for all imaging needs. To cover all situations, two or possibly
three telescopes are required. A summary
of the situation is to pay special attention to the size of the imaging chip
and the focal length of the telescope chosen for your imaging needs. Books which discuss many aspects of astrophotography are listed in the
Bibliography/Applications section on this web site.
UGC 7772 M 040
12 22.4 58
05
9.0 Double Star
NGC
1535 04
14.4 -12 44 0.3x0.3
9.0 Planetary Nebula
NGC
6210 16
44.6 23 47 0.3x0.3
9.7 Planetary Nebula
NGC
7027 21
07.0 42 14 0.3x0.2
9.0 Planetary Nebula
NGC
6826 19
44.7 50 31 0.4x0.4
8.8 Planetary Nebula
NGC 7009
21 04.1 -11 22 0.4x0.4
8.0 Planetary Nebula
NGC
6543 17
58.8 66 38 0.4x0.3
8.6 Planetary Nebula
NGC
7662 23
25.9 42 33 0.5x0.5
8.5 Planetary Nebula
NGC
4782 12
54.6 -12 35 0.5x0.5
12.9 Elliptical Galaxy 0
NGC
4783 12
54.6 -12 34 0.5x0.5
12.9 Elliptical Galaxy 0
NGC
2392 07
29.2 20 55 0.7x0.7
8.3 Planetary Nebula
NGC
3242 10
24.8 -18 38 0.7x0.7
8.9 Planetary Nebula
NGC
4476 12
30.0 12 20 0.7x0.4
13.3 Elliptical Galaxy 4
NGC
0040 00
12.9 72 32 1.0x0.7
10.5 Planetary Nebula
NGC
4889 13
00.1 27 59 1.0x0.6
13.2 Elliptical Galaxy 4
NGC
6729 19
01.8 -36 58 1.0x1.0
? Nebula
NGC 6994 M 073
20 58.9 -12 39 1.0x1.0
10.0 Open Cluster
NGC
7006 21
01.4 16 12 1.0x1.0
11.5 Globular Cluster
NGC
0604 01 34.5
30 46 1.0x1.0
? Nebula
NGC
2346 07
09.3 00 49 1.0x0.9
10.0 Planetary Nebula
NGC
4413 12
26.5 12 36 1.1x0.7
13.2 Barred Spiral a
NGC
2438 07
41.9 -14 43 1.1x1.1 11.0
Planetary Nebula
NGC
0278 00
52.0 47 34 1.2x1.2
11.6 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 6720 M 057
18 53.6 33 02
1.3x1.0 9.0 Planetary Nebula
NGC
5367 13
57.7 -39 59 1.3x1.0
10.0 Nebula
NGC 4435
12 27.7 13 04
1.4x0.9 11.8 Elliptical Galaxy 4
NGC 0650-1 M 076 01
41.9 51 34 1.5x0.7
10.0 Planetary Nebula
NGC
4459 12
29.0 13 58 1.5x1.0
11.7 Spiral Galaxy 0
NGC
4105 12
06.7 -29 47 1.5x1.5
12.0 Elliptical Galaxy 3
NGC
4478 12
30.3 12 19 1.0x1.8
12.4 Elliptical Galaxy 1
NGC
2782 09
14.1 40 07 1.8x1.6
12.4 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC
4106 12
06.8 -29 48 1.0x1.8
12.0 Elliptical Galaxy 2
NGC 2732
09 13.4 79 11
1.8x0.8 11.9 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
4387 12
25.7 12 49 1.9x1.1
12.0 Elliptical Galaxy 5
NGC
4458 12
29.0 13 15 1.9x1.8
12.0 Elliptical Galaxy 0
NGC
2261 06
39.1 08 43 2.0x2.0
10.0 Nebula
NGC
2419 07
38.2 38 53 2.0x2.0
11.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 4374 M 084
12 25.1 12 53
2.0x1.8 10.5 Elliptical Galaxy 1
NGC
4402 12
26.1 13 07 2.0x0.8
13.0 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC
4425 12
27.2 12 44 2.0x0.5
12.9 Spiral Galaxy 0
NGC
4461 12
29.1 13 11 2.0x1.0
12.2 Spiral Galaxy 0
NGC
4473 12
29.8 13 25 2.0x1.0
11.3 Elliptical Galaxy 4
NGC 4621 M 059
12 42.0 11 39
2.0x1.5 11.0 Elliptical Galaxy 3
NGC
6302 17
13.9 -37 07 2.0x1.0
? Nebula
NGC
5195 13
30.0 47 16 2.0x1.5
11.0 Peculiar Galaxy
NGC
1999 05
36.5 -06 43 2.0x2.0
9.0 Nebula
NGC
6638 18
31.0 -25 30 2.0x2.0
9.5 Globular Cluster
NGC
6642 18
31.8 -23 29 2.0x2.0
8.0 Globular Cluster
NGC
6652 18
35.8 -33 00 2.0x2.0
8.5 Globular Cluster
NGC
6934 20
34.1 07 24 2.0x2.0
9.0 Globular Cluster
NGC
6569 18
13.7 -31 49 2.0x2.0
10.0 Globular Cluster
NGC
7335 22
37.3 34 27 1.7x0.8
14.7 Galaxy so
NGC 3379 M 105
10 47.8 12 35
2.1x2.0 10.6 Elliptical Galaxy 1
NGC
3389 10
48.4 12 32 2.2x1.0
12.2 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
4567 12
36.5 11 15 2.4x1.6
12.0 Elliptical Galaxy s1
NGC
5908 15
16.7 55 25 2.4x0.4
13.0 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 1068 M 077
02 42.7 -00 01 2.5x1.7
10.0 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 3587 M 097
11 14.9 55 02
2.5x2.5 11.0 Planetary Nebula
NGC
4038 12
01.9 -18 52 2.5x2.5 11.0
Peculiar
NGC
4039 12
01.9 -18 53 2.5x2.0
12.0 Peculiar
NGC
4697 12
48.6 -05 48 2.5x1.3
10.5 Elliptical Galaxy 3
NGC
2207 06
16.4 -21 22 2.5x1.5
12.3 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 3077
10 03.4 68 44
2.6x1.9 11.0 Elliptical Galaxy 2
NGC
1275 03
19.8 41 31 2.6x1.0
11.6 Syfert Galaxy
NGC
2748 09
13.7 76 29 2.8x1.1
11.7 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
3513 11
03.8 -23 15 2.9x2.3
11.5 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 4406 M 086
12 26.2 12 56
3.0X2.8 10.5 Elliptical Galaxy 3
NGC 4486 M 087
12 30.8 12 23
3.0x3.0 8.6 Elliptical Galaxy 1
NGC 4649 M 060
12 43.6 11 33
3.0x2.5 10.0 Elliptical Galaxy 1
NGC 6171 M 107
16 32.5 -13 03 3.0x3.0
8.1 Globular Cluster
NGC 6864 M 075
20 06.1 -21 55 3.0x3.0
8.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 6981 M 072
20 53.5 -12 33 3.0x3.0
8.6 Globular Cluster
NGC
3626 11
20.1 18 21 3.0x2.0
10.9 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC
5824 15
04.0 -33 05 3.0x3.0
9.5 Globular Cluster
NGC
6441 17
50.2 -37 03 3.0x3.0
8.0 Globular Cluster
NGC
6624 18
23.7 -30 22 3.0x3.0
8.5 Open Cluster
NGC 6712
18 53.0 -08 43 3.0x3.0
9.0 Globular Cluster
NGC
7339 22
37.8 23 47 3.0x0.9
12.1 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
5248 13
37.6 08 53 3.2x1.4
11.0 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
4298 12
21.5 14 36 3.2x1.9
11.4 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
4710 12
49.6 15 10 3.4x0.5
12.0 Spiral Galaxy 0
NGC
0185 00
38.5 48 21 3.5x2.8
11.8 Elliptical galaxy 1
NGC
7479 23
04.9 12 19 3.2x3.5 11.8
Barred Galaxy b
NGC
6229 16
47.0 47 32 3.5x3.5
8.9 Globular Cluster
NGC 0221 M 032
00 42.7 40 52
3.6x3.1 9.5 Elliptical galaxy 2
NGC
5694 14
39.6 -26 32 3.6x3.6
10.2 Globular Cluster
NGC
3115 10
05.3 -07 43 4.0x1.0
10.0 Elliptical Galaxy 7
NGC 3351 M 095
10 43.9 11 42
4.0x3.0 11.0 Barred Spiral c
NGC
3384 10
48.3 12 38 4.0x2.0
11.0 Elliptical Galaxy 7
NGC
4438 12
27.8 13 00 4.0x1.5
11.0 Spiral Galaxy a
NGC 4472 M 049
12 29.8 07 59
4.0x3.4 10.1 Elliptical Galaxy 3
NGC
4477 12
30.0 13 38 4.0x3.5
10.4 Barred Spiral a
NGC 4579 M 058
12 37.6 11 48
4.0x3.5 10.5 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 6333 M 009
17 19.1 -18 31 4.0x4.0
8.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 6637 M 069
18 31.4 -32 21 4.0x4.0
7.5 Globular Cluster
NGC 6681 M 070
18 43.3 -32 18 4.0x4.0
8.0 Globular Cluster
NGC
0559 01
29.5 63 18 4.0x4.0
9.5 Open Cluster
NGC
7235 22
12.5 57 15 4.0x4.0
9.0 Open Cluster
NGC
6603 18
18.4 -18 26 4.0x4.0
11.4 Open Cluster
NGC
4449 12
28.2 44 05 4.2x3.0
10.5 Irregular Galaxy
NGC
7332 22
37.4 23 47 4.2x1.3
11.0 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
4111 12
07.1 43 04 4.4x0.9
10.7 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 4254 M 099
12 18.8 14 25
4.5X4.0 10.4 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
2775 09
10.3 07 02 4.5x3.0
10.3 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 4302
12 21.7 14 36
4.5x0.5 12.9 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
5005 13
10.8 37 03 4.7x1.6
10.8 Spiral Galaxy b
IC
2233 08
14.2 45 44 4.7x0.6
13.0 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 1952 M 001
05 34.5 22 01
5.0x3.0 9.0 Nebula
NGC
4388 12
25.8 12 39 5.0x1.0
12.0 Barred Spiral b
NGC 4736 M 094
12 51.0 41 07
5.0x3.5 8.9 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 6779 M 056
19 16.5 30 10
5.0x5.0 8.0 Globular Cluster
NGC
2129 06
01.1 23 18 5.0x5.0
7.0 Open Cluster
NGC
5466 14
05.4 28 32 5.0x5.0
9.0 Globular Cluster
NGC
5986 15
46.1 -37 46 5.0x5.0
8.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 6520
18 03.5 -27 54 5.0x5.0
9.0 Open Cluster
NGC
0779 01
59.7 -05 57 3.0x5.0
11.8 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC
4490 12
30.7 41 38 5.0x2.0
10.1 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 4321 M 100
12 22.9 15 49 5.2x5.0
10.4 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 5866/79 M 102? 15
06.5 55 45 5.2x2.3
10.0 Elliptical Galaxy
NGC 4548 M 091
12 35.5 43 09
5.4x4.4 10.2 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
7814 00
03.3 16 09 1.5x5.5
11 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC
3511 11
03.4 -23 05 5.5x1.0
11.0 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 4501 M 088
12 32.0 14 25
5.7x2.5 10.5 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC
6934 20
34.2 07 24 5.9x5.9
8.9 Globular Cluster
NGC
5377 13
56.3 47 12 3.0x6.0
12.0 Spiral Nebula a
NGC
2362 07
18.7 -24 57 6.0x6.0
4.0 Open Cluster
NGC 3368 M 096
10 46.8 11 49
6.0x4.0 10.2 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 6266 M 062
17 01.3 -30 07 6.0x6.0
6.5 Globular Cluster
NGC 6273 M 019
17 02.6 -26 15 6.0x6.0
7.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 6402 M 014
17 37.6 -03
15 6.0x6.0
9.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 6626 M 028
18 24.6 -24 52 6.0x6.0
8.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 6715 M 054
18 55.2 -30 28 6.0x6.0
9.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 6838 M 071
19 53.7 18 47
6.0x6.0 9.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 7099 M 030
21 40.3 -23 11 6.0x6.0
8.0 Globular Cluster
NGC
7793 23
57.9 -32 34 6.0x4.0
9.7 Spiral Galaxy
NGC
1300 03
19.8 -19 24 6.0x3.2
11.3 Barred Spiral b
NGC
6819 19
41.3 40 13 6.0x6.0
10.0 Open Cluster
NGC
3432 10
52.5 36 37 6.2x1.7
10.6 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 3992 M 109
11 57.6 53 22
6.4x3.5 10.9 Barred Spiral b
NGC
0147 00
33.1 48 31 6.5x3.8
12.1 Elliptical galaxy 4
NGC 1982 M 043
05 35.6 05 16
7.0x5.0 8.0 Nebula
NGC 4569 M 090
12 36.8 13 09
7.0x2.5 9.0 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 4594 M 104
12 39.9 -11 37 7.0x1.5
8.2 Spiral Galaxy a
NGC 6093 M 080
16 17.1 -22 59 7.0x7.0
8.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 6613 M 018
18 19.9 -17 08 7.0x7.0
8.0 Open Cluster
NGC 6913 M 029
20 24.0 38 31
7.0x7.0 7.0 Open Cluster
NGC 7089 M 002
21 33.5 -00 50 7.0x7.0
6.0 Globular Cluster
NGC
6885 20
12.0 26 29 7.0x7.0
5.7 Open Cluster
NGC
2506 08
00.2 -10 47 7.0x7.0
7.6 Open Cluster
NGC
6723 18
59.6 -36 38 7.0x7.0
6.0 Globular Cluster
NGC
6997 20
56.5 44 39 7.0x7.0
10.0 Open Cluster
NGC 1904 M 079
05 24.3 -24 31 7.5x7.5
8.4 Globular Cluster
NGC 4826 M 064
12 56.8 21 41
7.5x3.5 8.6 Spiral Galaxy a
NGC
1055 02
41.8 42 21 7.6x3.0
10.6 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
3079 10
02.0 55 41 7.6X1.7
10.6 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 3556 M 108
11 11.6 55 41
7.8x1.4 10.8 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 3623 M 065
11 18.9 13 07
7.8x1.6 10.3 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
5746 14
44.9 01 57 7.9x1.7
10.6 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 0205 M 110
00 40.3 41 41
8.0x3.0 10.8 Elliptical galaxy 6
NGC 0581 M 103
01 33.2 60 42
8.0x8.0 8.0 Open Cluster
NGC 2068 M 078
05 46.8 00 03
8.0x6.0 8.0 Nebula
NGC 3034 M 082
09 56.1 69 42
8.0x3.0 9.2 Irregular Galaxy
NGC 3627 M 066
11 20.2 13 01
8.0x2.5 9.7 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 6254 M 010
16 57.1 -04 07 8.0x8.0
7.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 6341 M 092
17 17.1 43 09
8.0x8.0 6.5 Globular Cluster
NGC 6853 M 027
19 59.6 22 43
8.0x6.0 8.0 Planetary Nebula
NGC
6946 20
35.0 60 08 8.0x8.0
11.1 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
1365 03
33.7 -36 08 8.0x3.5
11.2 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC
1502 04
07.4 62 19 8.0x8.0
7.0 Open Cluster
NGC
2627 08
37.3 -29 56 8.0x8.0
9.0 Open Cluster
NGC
6866 20 03.7
44 10 8.0x8.0
8.0 Open Cluster
NGC
6939 20
31.4 60 38 8.0x8.0
10.0 Open Cluster
NGC 4192 M 098
12 13.8 14 54
8.2x2.0 11.0 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC
4216 12
15.9 13 09 8.3x2.2
10.0 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
2683 08
52.7 33 25 8.4x2.4
9.7 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
5897 15
17.4 02 05 8.5x8.5
9.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 0628 M 074
01 36.7 15 47
9.0x9.0 9.0 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
1097 02
46.4 -30 16 9.0x5.5
10.6 Barred Spiral b
NGC 4590 M 068
12 39.5 -26 45 9.0x9.0
8.0 Globular Cluster
NGC 5055 M 063
13 15.7 42 01
9.0x4.0 9.8 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 6694 M 026
18 45.2 -09 24 9.0x9.0
9.5 Open Cluster
NGC
1857 05
20.1 39 21 9.0x9.0
7.0 Open Cluster
NGC
6649 18
33.5 -10 24 9.0x9.0
9.0 Open Cluster
NGC
2818 09
16.0 -36 37 9.0x9.0
11.0 Open Cluster
NGC
7788 23
56.7 61 24 9.0x9.0
9.4 Open Cluster
NGC
4762 12
52.9 11 14 9.1x2.2
10.3 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
1560 04
32.8 71 53 9.2x1.7
11.5 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 4517
12 32.8 00 07
9.9x1.4 10.4 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
2023 05
41.7 -02 13
10x10 ?
Nebula
NGC 2323 M 050
07 02.9 -08 20
10x10 6.0 Open Cluster
NGC
2360 07
17.7 -15 38
10x10 9.0 Open Cluster
NGC
4559 12
36.0 27 57
10x3 10.5 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 5024 M 053
13 12.9 18 10
10x10 8.0 Globular
Cluster
NGC 5194/5 M 051 13
29.9 47 12 10x5
8.1 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 5236 M 083
13 37.1 -29 52
10x8 8.0 Spiral
Galaxy c
NGC 6218 M 012
16 47.2 -01 57
10x10 8.0 Globular
Cluster
NGC 6531 M 021
18 04.8 -22 30
10x10 7.0 Open Cluster
NGC 7078 M 015
21 30.0 12 10
10x10 6.5 Globular
Cluster
NGC
7331 22
37.1 34 26
10x3 10.4 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC
7635 23
20.7 61 10
10x5 11.0 Nebula
NGC
0288 00 52.6
-26 36 10x10
7.2 Globular Cluster
NGC
1807 05
10.7 16 32
10x10 7.5 Open Cluster
NGC
6530 18
04.7 -24 20
10x10 6.0 Open Cluster
NGC
6645 18
32.7 -16 54
10x10 9.0 Open Cluster
NGC
4395 12
25.9 33 32
10x8 11.0 Spiral Galaxy
NGC
0663 01
46.0 61 16
11x11 7.0 Open Cluster
NGC
2903 09
32.1 21 31
11x5 9.7 Spiral
Galaxy b
NGC 0891
02 22.4 42 41
12x1 12.2 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 1960 M 036
05 36.2 34 09
12x12 6.3 Open Cluster
NGC
3628 11
20.3 13 37
12x2 10.3 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 6705 M 011
18 51.1 -06 16 12x12
6.0 Open Cluster
NGC 7654 M 052
23 24.2 61 36
12x12 7.0 Open Cluster
IC
5146 21
53.5 47 16
12x12 10.0 Nebula
IC
1613 01
04.8 02 07
12x11 9.0 Irregular
Galaxy
NGC
1513 04
09.9 49 31
12x12 9.0 Open Cluster
NGC
1893 05
22.6 33 24
12x12 8.0 Open Cluster
NGC
6709 18
51.5 10 21
12x12 8.0 Open Cluster
NGC
5907 15
15.9 56 20
12x2 10.4 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
4631 12
42.2 32 33
12x1 9.7 Spiral
Galaxy c
NGC
4244 12
17.5 37 48
13x1 10.7 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC 5904 M 005
15 18.5 02 05
13x13 6.2 Globular
Cluster
NGC
0225 00
43.8 61 46
14x14 8.0 Open Cluster
NGC 2682 M 067
08 51.0 11 49
15x15 7.0 Open Cluster
NGC 4565
12 36.4 25 59
15x1 10.5 Spiral Galaxy b
NGC
1817 05
12.1 16 42
15x15 8.0 Open Cluster
NGC
2281 06
49.3 41 04
15x15 6.0 Open Cluster
NGC
6811 19
38.2 46 34
15x15 9.0 Open Cluster
NGC
6809 19
40.1 -30 56
15x15 7.0 Globular
Cluster
NGC
2403 07
36.8 65 36
16x10 8.8 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
7293 22
29.7 -20 51
12x16 6.5 Planetary
Nebula
NGC
7790 23
58.4 61 13
17x17 13.0 Open Cluster
NGC
0247 00
47.1 -20 45
18x5 10.7 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 2447 M 093
07 44.5 -23 52
18x18 7.0 Open Cluster
NGC 3031 M 081
09 55.6 69 04
18x10 8.0 Spiral Galaxy a
NGC 5272 M 003
13 42.2 28 23
18x18 6.0 Globular
Cluster
NGC 6656 M 022
18 36.4 -23 56
18x18 6.0 Globular
Cluster
NGC
6888 20
12.5 38 25 18x12
? Nebula
NGC
7023 21
02.0 68 10
18x18 ?
Nebula
IC
0342 03
46 68 06
18x17 9.2 Barred Spiral c
NGC
6664 18
36.7 -08 14
18x18 6.0 Open Cluster
NGC 4258 M 106
12 19.0 47 18
19x6 9.0 Spiral
Galaxy b
NGC
4656 12
44.0 32 10
19x2 11.0 Irregular
Galaxy
NGC 1039 M 034
02 42.0 42 47
20x20 6.0 Open Cluster
NGC 1912 M 038
05 28.7 35 51
20x20 6.2 Open Cluster
NGC
2024 05
41.9 -01 50
20x20 ?
Nebula
NGC 2099 M 037
05 52.3 32 34
20x20 6.2 Open Cluster
NGC 2422 M 047
07 36.6 -14 30
20x20 5.0 Open Cluster
NGC 6121 M 004
16 23.7 -26 31
20x20 7.4 Globular
Cluster
NGC
6822 19
44.9 -14 46
20x10 10.0 Irregular Galaxy
NGC
7243 22
15.2 49 53
20x20 8.0 Open Cluster
NGC 6809 M 055
19 40.1 -30 56
20x20 7.0 Globular
Cluster
NGC
1435 03
46.2 23 45
15x20 6.8 Nebula
NGC
1245 03
14.6 47 14
20x20 9.0 Open Cluster
NGC
6940 20
34.6 28 18
20x20 8.0 Open Cluster
NGC
6791 19
20.8 37 46
20x20 11.0 Open Cluster
NGC
7789 23
57.0 56 43
20x20 10.0 Open Cluster
NGC
0300 00
55.0 -37 42
21x14 11.3 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
0253 00 47.6
-25 18 22x6
7.0 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC
4236 12
16.7 69 28
22x5 10.7 Barred Spiral
NGC 5457 M 101
14 03.2 54 21
22x20 9.0 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 6205 M 013
16 41.7 36 27
23x23 5.7 Globular
Cluster
NGC 2437 M 046
07 41.9 -14 49
25x25 8.0 Open Cluster
NGC
2477 07
52.3 -38 33
25x25 7.0 Open Cluster
NGC 6405 M 006
17 40.1 -32 13
25x25 6.0 Open Cluster
NGC 6494 M 023
17 56.9 -19 01
25x25 7.0 Open Cluster
NGC 6611 M 016
18 18.8 -13 47
25x25 6.5 Nebula
NGC
1528 04
15.2 51 15
25x25 6.0 Open Cluster
NGC
2546 08
12.4 -37 38 25x25
8.0 Open Cluster
NGC
2264 06
41.2 09 53
15x26 5.0 Open Cluster
NGC
0281 00
53.3 56 35
23x27 8.0 Nebula
NGC 6514 M 020
18 01.9 -23 02
29x27 8.5 Nebula
NGC 2287 M 041
06 47.0 -20 45
30x30 6.0 Open Cluster
NGC 7092 M 039
21 32.2 48 26
30x30 5.0 Open Cluster
IC
0405 05
16.2 34 16
30x19 6.0 Nebula
NGC 0869
02 19.0 57 09
35x35 4.4 Open Cluster
NGC
0884 02
22.4 57 07
35x35 4.7 Open Cluster
NGC 6634 M 025
18 31.7 -19 15
35x35 6.0 Open
Cluster
NGC
0055 00
15 -39 13 25x40
7.8 Irregular galaxy
NGC
2244 06
32.4 04 52
40x40 5.5 Open Cluster
NGC 2548 M 048
08 13.7 -05 47
40x40 5.5 Open Cluster
NGC
1647 04
46.1 19 05
40x40 6.5 Open Cluster
NGC
1977 05
35.5 -04 52
40x25 7.0 Nebula
NGC
2174 06
09.7 20 30
40x30 ?
Nebula
NGC
0752 01
57.8 37 41
45x45 7.5 Open Cluster
NGC 6618 M 017
18 20.9 -16 11 45x35
6.0 Nebula
NGC
1746 05
03.6 23 48
45x45 6.0 Open Cluster
Sh2-155
22 56.8 62 37
50x10 7.7 Nebula
NGC 0598 M 033
01 33.9 30 39
60x60 5.3 Spiral Galaxy c
NGC 6475 M 007
17 54.0 -34 49
60x60 5.0 Open Cluster
NGC
6960 20
45.7 30 43
70x6 8.0 Nebula
NGC
6992-5 20
56.4 31 42
78x8 8.0 Nebula
NGC
2237-9 06
32.3 05 03
60x80 9.0 Nebula
NGC 2632 M 044
08 40.4 19 41
80x80 4.5 Open Cluster
NGC 6523 M 008
18 04.7 -24 20
80x40 5.0 Nebula
NGC 6603 M 024
18 18.4 -18 26 60x90
4.5 Open Cluster
M 045 03 46.9 24 07
100x100 1.4 Open Cluster
NGC
7000 20
58.8 44 20 100x100
5.0 Nebula
NGC
1499 04
3.4 36 25
145x40 6.0 Nebula
NGC 0224 M 031
00 42.7 41 16
150x50 4.0 Spiral galaxy b
IC
1396 21
39.1 57 30
140x170
Nebula